75%
Calculated values — T = K × F × d
Tightening torque
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Torque (alt. units)
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Target clamp load F
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Uses the short-form relation T = K·F·d with F = (preload %) × proof stress × tensile stress area. Proof stresses per ISO 898-1 (metric) and SAE J429 (imperial). K-factor dominates the result and varies with coating, lubrication and surface condition — always validate against the joint design, fastener manufacturer data, or a calibrated tightening trial. Guidance only, not a substitute for engineering judgement.